Jetties, wharves, breakwaters and docks
What it is
Port structures where ships berth and harbours are sheltered from waves.
How it works
Breakwaters break wave energy; jetties and wharves carry cargo loads and ship impact on piles or walls.
Diagram: Indiacon original, not to scale.
Main components
Piles, deck, fenders, bollards, armour units, quay walls, dock gates.
Key codes
IS 4651, IS 9527. Cited by number only; get the text from BIS or the issuing body.
Notable projects
Vizhinjam port.